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Epoch AI (CC-BY) · research
Tracking AI policies in your hometown
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01 · At a glance
State of US policy
Active Restrictions
Legislative Process
Under Discussion
No Action
Innovation-Friendly
20 of 50 states with active or advancing data-center restrictions
2 states offering data-center incentives
4
16
23
8
2
Hover overTap a segment to see which states fall into each category.
Focus
Where data center builds face opposition, setbacks, or energy constraints — and where governments roll out the welcome mat.
Color map by
Overall stance. Each jurisdiction's net stance across all bills we're tracking — darker red is more restrictive, green is more permissive.
02 · Latest developments
What happened this week
AI overview · Updated recently
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03 · The full record
Every bill we’re tracking
Scope
Topic
Status
Sort
SF5100·
Data centers provisions modifications
This Minnesota bill modifies existing rules and requirements that govern how data centers are built and operated in the state. The changes could affect where data centers can be located, how they interact with local communities, and the economic conditions surrounding their development.
FiledIn committeeFloor voteEnacted
Data Centers·Legislative Process·Republican·Updated 2026-04-13
Private Review Agents; certain decisions with regard to the provision of insurance coverage for healthcare services shall not be based solely on artificial intelligence systems; provide
This Georgia bill prohibits health insurance companies from using artificial intelligence alone to make coverage decisions for healthcare services. Human review must be part of any such decision-making process.
Adopt the Large Load Customer Regulation Act, provide for eminent domain relating to energy storage and regulation and taxation of energy storage resources, and change provisions relating to cryptocurrency mining operations and data centers
This Nebraska bill establishes new rules for large electricity customers like data centers and crypto miners, addressing how they connect to and impact the power grid. It also covers energy storage regulation, taxation, and eminent domain powers related to energy storage resources.
FiledIn committeeFloor voteEnacted
Data Centers·Legislative Process·Updated 2026-04-10
Adopt the Agricultural Data Privacy Act and the Conversational Artificial Intelligence Safety Act
This bill establishes privacy protections for agricultural data and sets safety requirements for conversational AI systems in Nebraska. It creates rules around how AI chatbots and similar tools must operate, likely including disclosure and transparency obligations.
A single hyperscale campus (100 MW+) can use as much power as a small city, and the water-cooled ones can draw about as much water too. Per-query energy has fallen sharply over the last decade, and the operators buy more renewable power than any other industry. The totals still climb, mostly because everyone keeps asking the models to do more.
Tracked
283
Power (MW)
111,685
Investment
$1217.4B
Compute (H100e)
4.9M
Status
Sort
Project
User
Cost
Compute
Location
Status
New Carlisle, IN
Anthropic
2,200
$34.9B
686k
Indiana
Under construction
Project Rainier — Project Rainier is AWS's 1,200-acre New Carlisle campus purpose-built for Anthropic, hosting ~500,000 Trainium2 chips by October 2025 and targeting over one million by year-end. Seven of 30 buildings are live; full 2.2 GW buildout plus a $15B expansion makes Indiana the largest single-state AWS investment to date.
Grid Capacity
Water Consumption
Energy Rates
Tax Incentives
Madison County, MS
AWS
1,500
$10.9B
214k
Mississippi
Under construction
Project Rainier Madison — AWS's two Madison County industrial parks demand energy equivalent to ~700,000 homes, and Entergy Mississippi is building new generation to serve them. Total AWS Mississippi buildout now sits at ~$25B across 1,700 acres — $10B initial, $11B expansion, and a separate $1B Hinds County site — anchoring the state's 'Digital Delta' push.
Grid Capacity
Water Consumption
Energy Rates
Tax Incentives
NDA Transparency
5502 Spinks Rd, Abilene, TX 79601
OpenAI
1,200
$16.1B
510k
Texas
Under construction
Stargate Abilene — Oracle / OpenAI's flagship AI training campus. As of April 2026 only two buildings are live (~200 MW gross, ~130 MW critical IT), with a third expected online soon. Full build planned at 1.2 GW+ across eight buildings through 2026–2027.
6000 Technology Blvd, Sandston, VA 23150
Cloud hyp.
854
$32.7B
492k
Virginia
Operational
QTS Richmond is a 15-building campus with an estimated total IT power over 650 MW.
4800 90th St, Mount Pleasant, WI 53403
OpenAI, Microsoft
555
$17.7B
559k
Wisconsin
Operational
Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin is set to be the tech giant’s most powerful data center yet.
New Albany, OH
Meta
531
$15.6B
494k
Ohio
Under construction
Meta Prometheus — Meta's AI supercluster in the New Albany Business Park, using a mix of weatherproof tents and traditional buildings to stand up capacity faster. Sits alongside Google's much older New Albany campus in the same park.
Grid Capacity
Water Consumption
Tax Incentives
1435 Hwy 54 W, Fayetteville, GA 30214
OpenAI
433
$11.9B
374k
Georgia
Operational
Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta is a QTS-built data center with Microsoft as a tenant, possibly for the purpose of providing compute to OpenAI.
3231 Riverport Rd, Memphis, TN 38109
xAI
425
$11.4B
276k
Tennessee
Operational
xAI Colossus 1 was converted from a factory into a data center in 2024.
1101 Beech Rd SW, New Albany, OH 43054
Google DeepMind
407
$13.0B
207k
Ohio
Operational
Google’s New Albany data center is one of several data centers in the New Albany Business Park.
Somerset, NY
Anthropic / G42 (via Fluidstack)
360
$2.2B
72k
New York
Under construction
Residents near the Somerset facility report sustained cooling-fan noise as TeraWulf converts a former coal plant into an AI/HPC campus. CB-4 and CB-5 energization is slated for H2 2026.
Noise & Vibration
Water Consumption
Grid Capacity
Carbon Emissions
5420 Tulane Rd, Memphis, TN 38109
xAI
302
$8.9B
281k
Tennessee
Operational
xAI Colossus 2 is the follow-up to Colossus 1.
14250 W Broadway Rd, Goodyear, AZ 85338
OpenAI
263
$7.9B
205k
Arizona
Operational
The Microsoft Goodyear campus spans six years of construction and operations.
Cost and compute appear only when publicly disclosed. 62 of 283 sites (22%) have an announced investment figure — most colocation and proposed builds are never reported.
05 · Who voted how
Politicians
The legislators shaping AI and data-centre policy — and how their votes stack up against what they said they believed.
A federal appeals court panel refused to block the Trump administration's blacklisting of Anthropic AI but agreed to expedite oral arguments scheduled for May 19, while a separate federal district court judge had previously granted Anthropic a preliminary injunction in a related case. The ruling does not address the legal merits of whether the blacklisting violates the First Amendment or constitutes an unlawful supply-chain designation.
Port Washington, Wisconsin approved a referendum on April 11, 2026, requiring voter approval for tax benefits exceeding $10 million for large data center projects, marking the nation's first such measure. The referendum passed with 66 percent support but is facing a lawsuit from a local business group citing concerns about regional investment impacts.
Detroit City Council passed a resolution in March calling for a two-year moratorium on data center permits, and Councilman Scott Benson has now convened a working group including city departments, DTE Energy, unions, and environmental advocates to develop comprehensive zoning policies by December 31. The working group will assess potential data center impacts on infrastructure, environment, and the community while evaluating how peer cities have addressed similar developments.
Elon Musk amended his lawsuit against OpenAI and CEO Sam Altman to seek no personal damages, instead requesting that any recovered funds be returned to OpenAI's nonprofit arm and that company leadership be removed. The legal strategy shift follows a judge's rejection of punitive damages and other remedies, with Musk arguing the case aims to prevent OpenAI's conversion from a nonprofit to private interests.
A 20-year-old man from Texas has been charged with attempted murder and attempted arson after allegedly throwing a Molotov cocktail at OpenAI CEO Sam Altman's home and later threatening to burn down the company's headquarters; authorities say he traveled to San Francisco with the intent to kill Altman and had written about concerns regarding artificial intelligence's risks to humanity.